Although Umbran in origin, Assisi was influenced by the nearby Etruscan settlements. Under the name Asisium, it became a flourishing Roman municipality. At the beginning of the 3rd century A.D., the martyr Rufino, the first bishop of Assisi, introduced the Christian faith. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Assisi was totally destroyed by Totila and his Goths (545 A.D.), later occupied by the Byzantines and conquered by the Lombards. It was ruled for a considerable period by the Duchy of Spoleto, it flourished again during the 11th and 12th centuries, with the first experiments as an independent city state. Neverthless it soon found itself involved in various wars. Defeated by Barbarossa, it was here that Federico II was educated. St. Francis and St. Claire were born during this period (the former in 1181 or 1182, the latter in 1193 or 1194). Besides imperial and papal dominion, Assisi was also a victim of violence originating by the power of Perugia. The Viscontis, the Montefeltros, Braccio Fortebraccio, and the Sforzas, all attached the city. Many internal fights between the two parts of the city(Parte de Sopra and Parte de Sotto) tore it from the 16th century until 1860, except for the brief Napoleonic period, it was part of the Papal State.